How to make a project report in IEEE formate

[Tauhidunnabi Likhon]

Make a Simple Conveyor Belt Model.


Md. Tauhidunnabi Likhon
ID: 161-19-1852
E-mail: tauhidunnabi19-1852@diu.edu.bd
Dept. of Electronics and    Telecommunication Engineering.
Daffodil International University

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Abstract- Conveyor system is a part of material handling system. which is used for transportation of material. the main application of conveyor system is for transportation. There are many types of conveyor system are there and we have various needs by them like mining, power generation port systems, grain handling etc. Though these conveyors have numerous advantages they also require huge amount of power to drive belts. As the result of increased fuel prices in global markets and scarce of fuels electricity tariff is increasing tremendously. By using vertical axis wind turbine to drive these belts we can save huge amounts of electrical energy or money as well as reduce greenhouse gas emission.[/b]

Key Words: conveyor, Shaft, gears, bearings, vertical axis.

                           
1.   Introduction:


A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system (often shortened to belt conveyor). A belt conveyor system is one of many types of conveyor system. A belt conveyor system consists of two or more pulleys (sometimes referred to as drums), with an endless loop of carrying medium, the conveyor belt, that rotates about them. One or both of the pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on the belt forward. The powered pulleys called the drive pulley while the unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors; Those in general material handling such as those moving boxes along inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used to transport large volumes of resources and agricultural materials, such as grain, salt, coal, ore, sand, overburden.


2.   EASE OF USE


Conveyor systems have been an integral and very important part of manufacturing and industrial companies for over 100 years. Conveyor systems are mainstays in industries where quick and fast handling of packaging and shipments is a must. These apparatuses are widely used to transport and move large and heavy industrial and agricultural material. They are also used in
companies or industries where self-unloading of bulk freighters needed for moving items. Conveyor systems are not only found in industrial manufacturing sites, but also are commonly found and used in grocery stores. These systems carry the groceries items from one end of the check -out counter to the other where it is bagged.

       
(a)   Working type: Conveyor systems, often called conveyor belts, work by using two pulleys that continually loop over the material that rotates over them. This is done with endless procession of hooks, gears, buckets, and a wide rubber belt. The belt is then supported by a series of rollers along the path. The rollers in the center of the device prevents the conveyor from sagging in the middle while it is carrying a load.



(b)   Vertical conveyor system: Vertical conveyors systems are able to move a wide range of goods and products in a multi-directional pattern. They are usually equipped with load transporting platforms and drive chains. Conveyor systems are also made in a wide variety of sizes and configurations.


(c)   Moving system: Conveyor systems are also used for moving sidewalks and escalators. How about the large, complex system of conveyors used in the airport and post office? These conveyor systems are essential to move the sheer volume of luggage, mail and packages from one place to another. They are the ideal means of reducing by automatically moving items, which can be large and heavy, to the desired location. Conveyor systems often save companies a large amount of time and money.



3.   Structure of conveyor Belt


The belt consists of one or more layers of material. It is common for belts to have three layers: a top cover, a carcass and a bottom cover. The purpose of the carcass is to provide linear strength and shape. The carcass is often a woven or metal fabric having a warp & weft. The warp refers to longitudinal cords whose characteristics of resistance and elasticity define the running properties of the belt. The weft represents the whole set of transversal cables allowing to the belt specific resistance against cuts, tears and impacts and at the same time high flexibility. The most common carcass materials are steel, polyester, nylon, cotton and aramid. The covers are usually various rubber or plastic compounds specified by use of the belt.
Steel conveyor belts are used when high strength class is required. For example, the highest strength class conveyor belt installed is made of steel cords. This conveyor belt has a strength class of 10.000 N/mm and it operates at chuquicamata mine, in chile. [1] Polyester, nylon and cotton are popular with low strength classes. Aramid is used in the range 630 - 3500 N/mm. The advantages of using aramid are energy savings, enhanced lifetimes and improved productivity [2][3]. As an example, a 2250 N/mm, 3400 m long underground belt installed at Baodian Coal Mine, part of in Yanzhou Coal Mining Company, China, was reported to provide energy savings of >15% [4].

(a)   Vertical Axis:



           
                   

•   Axes of motion defines maneuverability
•       It's rotated clockwise.



(b)   Horizontal Axis:

   


•   Motor rated clockwise.
•   It's control low and high speed.
•   Switch control total system in horizontal.



4.   Types of Conveyor System:


•   Gravity conveyor
•   Gravity skate wheel conveyor
•   Belt conveyor
•   Wire mesh conveyors
•   Plastic belt conveyors
•   Bucket conveyors
•   Flexible conveyor
•   Vertical conveyor
•   Spiral conveyor
•   Vibrating conveyor
•   Pneumatic conveyor
•   Aero mechanical conveyors
•    Electric track vehicle system
•   Belt driven live roller conveyors
•   Line shaft roller conveyor
•   Chain conveyor
•    Auger conveyor
•   Chain driven live roller conveyor
•   Dust proof conveyors
•   Pharmaceutical conveyors
•   Automotive conveyors
•   Overland conveyor
•   Drag Conveyor



5.   Application:

There are different types of conveyor belts that have been created for conveying different kinds of material available in PVC and rubber materials. Material flowing over the belt may be weighed in transit using a belt weight. Belts with regularly spaced partitions, known as elevator belts, are used for transporting loose materials up steep inclines. Belt Conveyors are used in self-unloading bulk freighters and in live bottom trucks. Belt conveyor technology is also used in conveyor transport such as moving sidewalk or escalator as well as on many manufacturing assembly line. Stores often have conveyor belts at the check- out counter to move shopping items. Ski areas also use conveyor belts to transport skiers up the hill. Some of the major global conveyor belt manufacturers and service providers are Berndorf AG, Continental AG, Fenner plc, Kale conveyor, Terra nova Technologies, and Tenova Takraf. [5]


(a)   Industrial application of conveyor belt: Conveyor systems are used widespread across a range of industries due to the numerous benefits they provide.
•   Conveyors are able to safely transport materials from one level to another, which when done by human labor would be strenuous and expensive.
•   They can be installed almost anywhere, and are much safer than using a forklift or other machine to move materials.
•   They can move loads of all shapes, sizes and weights. Also, many have advanced safety features that help prevent accidents.
•   There are a variety of options available for running conveying systems, including the hydraulic, mechanical and fully automated systems, which are equipped to fit individual needs.
•   Conveyor systems are commonly used in many industries, including the Mining, auto moving, agricultural, computer, electronics, food processing, chemical, bottling, pharmaceutical, aerospace and canning, print finishing and packaging. Although a wide variety of materials can be conveyed, some of the most common include food items such as beans and nuts, bottles and cans, automotive components, scrap metal, pills and powders, wood and furniture and grain and animal feed. Many factors are important in the accurate selection of a conveyor system. It is important to know how the conveyor system will be used beforehand. Some individual areas that are helpful to consider are the required conveyor operations, such as transportation, accumulation and sorting, the material sizes, weights and shapes and where the loading and pickup points need.

6.   Advantage:

•   Silent continuous transport.
•   Require less man power.
•   Less accident prone.
•   Require simple arrangements both at loading and unloading ends.
•   Multipoint loading in convenient.
•   Less prone to backward.
•   Energy efficient component to other means of transport because of high pay load to total load ratio.
•   It is one of the cheapest ways to move material long distances.
•   There is virtually no degradation of your product caused by conveying.
•   The conveyor can have changes in elevation.
•   The material can be visible on the belt while being conveyed.


7.   Disadvantage:

•   The normal design of a belt conveyor is opened. If your product needs to be contained, covers and or drip pans can become expensive and cumbersome.
•   If the material is sticky, belt cleaning can be difficult and generally not very successful.
•   There is almost always material carry over from the belt discharge and this becomes a house keeping problem.
•   If the material being conveyed is sticky it will ultimately get transferred to the return side of the belt and then to the rolls, idlers and pulleys, then belt tracking can be an ongoing issue.
•   Odder control is virtually impossible.


8.   Calculation:


(a)   Theoretical Calculation (for basic data):

•   Operator and capacity of the conveyor = 10kgs
•   Design margin = 20%.
•   Total capacity of the conveyor=12kgs.
•   Type of material being to handle= Rice and coal
•    Speed of the belt is 1.25meter/ min.




(b)   Maximum Belt Tension:

The limited ratio of tensions when slip is about to occur:

          P1/P2=℮˄µᶿ   

Where,
P1= bigger tension in top strand
P2= lower strand tension
ᶿ = angle of warp
µ= co-efficient of friction




(c)   Limitation:

•   The belt need higher initial tension.
•   Higher elongation of belt (4% elongation may take place at the working load)
•   Conveying to sticky material to associated with problems of cleaning and discharge causing poor productivity. 



       

9.   Product price:

Product  name   Price
DC motor    110 taka
Plastic wood for making structure    180 taka
Belt   70 taka
6v DC battery    80 taka
Wires    50 taka
Glue gun and super glue   245 taka
Total    735 taka



                 
                  Conclusion:

When Tested the VAWT is able to drive the conveyor and the conveyor is able to transfer the material rock, sand and coal at 25 Kgs/hr. As the need for conveying systems is rapidly increasing and power generation using fossil fuels has several negative shades. We suggest usage of VAWT driven conveyors for bulk material transfer



                  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
   
This work was supported in part by a grant from Lecturer of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department at Daffodil International University, Sohbanbag, Mirpur Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka

       
   
       
                        References:


[1]   "Awarding of the World's Most Powerful Belt Conveyor System" Mining.com, 15-04-2016.

[2]     Lodewijks G. (2011), "The Next       Generation Low Loss Conveyor Belts".

[3]   Archived from the original on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10. Engineering and Mining Journal 5-12-2014

[4]   Ven H.J.F.M., Beers H., Jinglei W, Martins C., Mendez E. (2017), "Aramid in conveyor belts in operation: extended lifetime, energy savings and environmental effects".

[5]   Digiscend (October 2014). "Conveyor Belt System Services''.
   .